You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. I encourage folks when they ask about an individual site, look at the trend, not just one week’s numbers. When the dam failed, 1.1 billion gallons of coal ash slurry destroyed nearby homes and property. If you’re interested in helping to make the French Broad River cleaner and healthier, you can take part in the French Broad Riverkeeper’s water quality volunteer programs. French Broad River weekly water quality testing by MountainTrue and NC DEQ show Asheville fails to meet the EPA’s E. coli standard for safe recreation. The Asheville plant, constructed in the 1960s, lacks the advancements of newer plants that use a dry-storage system where coal is stored in lined holes under a secure covering. The Pigeon River of Western North Carolina and East Tennessee rises above Canton, North Carolina, is impounded by Walters Dam, enters Tennessee, and flows into the French Broad River, just past Newport, Tennessee.The river traverses the Pisgah National Forest and the Cherokee National Forest, and drains much of the northeastern Great Smoky Mountains National Park. The state agency ensures safe drinking water, evaluates water quality and enforces actions for violations of environmental regulations. Nobody knows the real levels of contamination. She said she has had many questions from customers about the brown water. “If impaired, it would only include the sections that we are sampling and where the data supports an impairment which indicates the stream segment is not meeting Class B designated use,” Gurney said. Years of conversations about the river’s missing sloughs led to an ambitious idea—to restore a floodplain back to its natural condition. Independent samples taken within a two-mile radius of the Asheville plant over the past two years show that the groundwater contains iron, magnesium, and, most troubling, thallium, in levels exceeding health standards. We'll assume you're ok with this, but you can opt-out if you wish. The parks lining the river’s edge create an urban oasis, interrupted only by the occasional tall building hinting of downtown Asheville. The French Broad River flows 218 miles (351 km) from near the town of Rosman in Transylvania County, North Carolina, into the state of Tennessee.Its confluence with the Holston River at Knoxville is the beginning of the Tennessee River.The river flows through the counties of Transylvania, Buncombe, Henderson, and Madison in North Carolina, and Cocke, Jefferson, Sevier, and Knox in Tennessee. Outdoor outfitters say they have been running fewer trips this summer, but that is due to COVID-19 safety restrictions, not because of possibly high levels of fecal matter in the water. By design, the dams leak in order to avoid the potentially catastrophic safety problem of pressure build-up over time. Comparing the 11 most recent weeks of sampling to the same weeks in 2019, seven out of 11 weeks in 2020 are worse. Nonpoint source pollution, often referred to as polluted runoff, is water that gathers pollutants after flowing off rooftops, roads, farm fields and other surfaces. * denotes Asheville city section of river. Germs and bacteria can linger in your sink and transfer to your dishes. Only fifteen minutes from downtown, a series of ledges spread out over about 200 yards of river provides paddlers the opportunity to work out doing attainments up the rapid. “And it's always a good idea to rinse off after you get in the river. Instead, a fecal coliform standard is used by multiple sampling events, especially in water like the French Broad River where water quality conditions can change quickly. These waterways support critical wildlife habitat for many species, such as the hellbender salamander and rainbow trout. Over the next several decades, the ancient river became increasingly polluted with modern garbage—everything from household waste to industrial runoff. More: Riverkeeper: E. coli-pocalypse in the French Broad River. By 1951, author Wilma Dykman called the river “too thick to drink and too thin to plow.” She wrote The French Broad, which raised awareness about the polluted river. N.C. Department of Environmental Quality’s Division of Water Resources, Bill supported by Edwards, McGrady gives a boost to water quality in WNC. Progress Energy is one of the greatest offenders, with their power plant located south of Asheville polluting both the water and air, according to the study. The French Broad is one of the few north-flowing rivers in the country. Wet coal ash storage is untenable in the long term. The earthen dams leak, seeping heavy metals and other pollutants found in coal ash into the French Broad. This is the point Jen Ditzler, owner of Zen Tubing, likes to impart to her customers. With its headwaters in North Carolina, the river is 228 miles long in its entirety, including 102 miles within the state of Tennessee. The French Broad Riverkeeper also spearheaded the development of the Muddy Water Watch smartphone app, which allows the public to … Reach me: KChavez@CitizenTimes.com or on Twitter @KarenChavezACT, Read more outdoors news: www.citizentimes.com/outdoors, How to keep your sink clean and germ-free with your own cleaning solution. The agency is now sampling water on the French Broad River at Old Fanning Bridge Road, Bent Creek, Craven Street, Pearson’s Bridge and in Woodfin. Results taken the week of Aug. 13, following a relatively dry week, show a complete turnaround, Carson said. This website uses cookies to improve your experience. Binding is sound. She is the author of "Best Hikes with Dogs: North Carolina," and is a former National Park Service ranger. More: Nearly 50 years since Clean Water Act, has it helped the French Broad River? While Mayfield said she has been urging creation of the task force “for years,” she hasn’t been able to get traction among council members. Essentially permits-to-pollute, each permit allows the recipient to discharge a certain amount of pollution daily. The stretch consists mostly of splashy and fun Class II and Class III rapids, with one Class IV rapid, Frank Bell’s, just before the town of Hot Springs. ABOUT THIS BOOK: NCDENR data from the past 18 months shows a number of pollution problems and violations, but river quality advocates communicate the tremendous improvement from decades ago when “the river was too thin to plow and too thick to drink,” said Hartwell Carson, the French Broad Riverkeeper with the Asheville-based environmental nonprofit Western North Carolina Alliance. If the French Broad River seems to be looking a little browner than usual this summer, it’s not a mirage. My mountain city is getting close to finishing a 2-mile greenway along the French Broad River. Leaks Bypassing the On-Site Treatment System. Ditzler, who is also an environmental engineer, said this summer has been like no other for the company, which has been in business since 2012 with locations in South Asheville on Brevard Road and “midtown,” on Riverside Drive. “We tell them don't drink the water. Conserving Carolina learned about some land available off Butler Bridge Road near Fletcher, where Mud Creek flows into the French Broad. She envisions “an informal, time-limited group that would come together, with experts from MountainTrue, Asheville GreenWorks, RiverLink and maybe other folks in the community, to prioritize what the issues that the city should be tackling and trying to make progress on those.”. Carson states a sample taken Jan. 27 behind the former location of the 12 Bones Smokehouse contained 65 times more than the safe limit for E. coli, a bacteria known for causing illness in humans. Nearly 50 years since Clean Water Act, has it helped the French Broad River? Sediment pollution is caused by … But the lurking dangers of the unsafe disposal of coal ash threaten the long-term health of the river and the region. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. This is extremely rare in the summertime. The plant has two ponds built in 1964 and 1982 to hold coal ash, the waste left over after coal is burned to generate power. The 2008 Tennessee Valley Authority’s Kingston, Tenn., ash spill devastated the Emory River. The French Broad River supplies drinking water to more than one million people and is frequently used for recreational water activities, such as swimming and kayaking. Julie Mayfield, co-executive director of MountainTrue, is also a city councilwoman who is promoting the task force. We can prevent the insidious threats coal ash slurry poses to the region’s most prized resource now, while it’s still possible. Commercial outfitters and paddlers flock to this area to paddle the Barnard to Hot Springs section. “And while the city can’t fix problems along the entire river, it must do its part. Once referred to as the “Trashy Broad,” today people no longer smell the French Broad River before seeing her. Related: NC DEQ issues water quality violation notice to Tryon Equestrian Center. It begins just west of the Eastern Continental Divide near Rosman NC and flows into Tennessee where it is impounded behind Douglas Dam and continues to the confluence with the Holston River in Knoxville, TN. I think that's key. But testing by the French Broad Riverkeeper and the state DEQ show that levels of E. coli bacteria pollution, on average, have been rising. From the two river parks in the Bent Creek area to the six miles of continuous river parks in the city of Asheville, there are plenty of opportunities to enjoy the river. Enjoying a craft beer alongside the French Broad River. The Clean Water Act requires any entity that plans to discharge a form of wastewater directly into a body of water to receive a federal permit given and enforced by the state. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. The week of Aug. 6 showed the average E. coli level was 4,000 cfu, while the week of Aug. 13 showed an average of 455. While the midtown location is now closed for the season, the South location is still running 2 1/2-hour float trips from just north of the Asheville Airport to the outfitter access on Brevard Road. Could a bacteria-chomping mussel be the answer to E. coli in the French Broad River? These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. This is how to keep your sink clean and germ-free. Fishers, swimmers, tubers, and flat water paddlers find plenty of river access. Progress moved its discharge point in 2012. Paddlers looking for a longer stretch of whitewater only have to drive some thirty minutes to Madison County. Of the 34 sites that were tested, only four passed. Pollutants continue to flow through the seeps, entering the river at points that used to be, but now aren’t, covered by the permit. In March the state of North Carolina filed a separate lawsuit. Monitoring results for the week of Aug. 6 followed a declining trend this year in water quality. The French Broad flows north. An investigation of water quality in the French Broad River in North Carolina has resulted in the definition of variations in water quality, a determination of the degree to which the quality of water in the river has been affected by man 's activities, and an analysis of trends in the changing chemical quality of the river. Visit southeastcoalash.org for more information about coal ash in your area and what you can do to put a stop to wet coal ash storage. “Enter in Conserving Carolina,” Scott says. Call on Asheville City Council to do its part to clean up the French Broad River, starting with the establishment of a Stormwater Task Force to address the City’s water pollution problems. High levels of E. coli in surface water is an indication of potential point and nonpoint source pollution, according to the DEQ. But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience. The upper mainstem French Broad River system drains from the high mountains of the Blue Ridge and flows through the broad, flat valley of the Asheville Basin. Thallium poses health risks to people and is suspected to cause cancer. “Progress can’t continue to ignore the pollution that results from storing toxic ash left from burning coal.” The plant has two old coal ash ponds, built in 1964 and 1982, that sprawl over 90 acres adjacent to the French Broad River. The Riverkeeper’s is to monitor for recreational use advisories. The river ends at the confluence of the Holston and French Broad rivers to form the Tennessee River. This anomaly in water quality in France is primarily a result of pesticides, nitrates or lead pollution. Bacteria pollution comes from agricultural runoff, sewage leaks and faulty wastewater treatment plants. She said she believes the city’s priority should be on Nasty Branch, also known as Town Branch, which drains from half of downtown Asheville and flows through the historically Black Southside neighborhood before discharging into the French Broad River in the River Arts District. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. The French Broad River contains high levels of arsenic, selenium, cadmium and other toxins from coal-burning power plants near the river, according to a recent Duke University study. One only has to look five years back in time to be reminded of the catastrophic risk associated with using earthen dams – a dam could burst. Asheville, North Carolina — In 1834, a freshwater mussel collected near the convergence of the Swannanoa and French Broad Rivers was recognized as a new species – the Appalachian elktoe. Discover what makes the French Broad River so special and learn about the many ways it connects our community. Despite the acknowledged contamination, in December 2012 the North Carolina Environmental Management Commission voted to allow the Asheville facility to continuing contaminating groundwater. According to the National Weather Service, as of Aug. 13 there has been 5.53 inches of rainfall in Asheville, compared to 3.98 inches for all of August 2019. RiverLink’s Watershed Resources program works to improve water quality in the French Broad River and its tributaries. The samples were taken far from where the pollutants are first discharged into the tributaries. Endangered mussel making a comeback in the French Broad River. The City of Asheville is … The Riverkeeper uses a standard of 235 cfu (colony forming units) per 100 milliliters of water, a value set out by the EPA some 35 years ago. Elevated levels of E. coli can indicate potential fecal contamination, which can cause gastrointestinal illnesses. “You could go out every day and take a picture at the same time for, say, a year, and you'll get a different color and a different look to the river every single day,” she said. The dams, some of which are forty or more years old, are essentially ticking time bombs. └ Tags: bacteria, e-coli, environment, French Broad, pollution, River, sewage, straight piping, The French Broad River, tubing, turbidity, waste, water, waterways Comment . Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. “Unfortunately the trend is worse. After leaving North Carolina, the French Broad proc… Point source pollution comes directly from industry and sewage treatment plants, which discharge treated wastewater. 3. Blue Ridge Outdoors is your guide to fly fishing in the Southeast, moutain biking in the Blue Ridge and adventure travel from the Highlands to the Piedmont. Testing results have been significantly worse this year than in 2019. Your California Privacy Rights/Privacy Policy, Nasty Branch in Asheville’s Southside Neighborhood*, French Broad River at River Arts District*. In that accident, the dam released over 100 million gallons of coal ash, contaminating the Oughoughton Creek and Delaware River. As happens in many cities, artists often move into run-down industrial and … As the French Broad nears Asheville, the river becomes much wider, and a water-treatment facility built on the river’s banks provides drinking water to the region. E. coli, a type of fecal coliform, is a species of bacteria found in the environment, food and human and animal intestines. … The Riverkeeper frequently monitors levels of E. Coli -- the bacteria found in human and animal waste. During the 18th century, industrialization swept the river’s banks and the river’s pollution kept rate with the urban development. The source of the chocolatey soup-like quality of the river that runs through Asheville could be from heavy rain, increased sedimentation from construction runoff or sewage leaks, water quality monitors say. It flows northeast into Henderson County, where it turns northwest and courses through Buncombe and Madison Counties. Cleanup efforts are expected to continue into 2014 and cost $1.2 billion. Tourists and residents alike visit the urban waterfront, where once abandoned industrial warehouses have been transformed into artists’ studios, breweries, and restaurants. If you have open sores, you either need to cover them really well or don't get in the water,” Ditzler said. For subscribers: Could a bacteria-chomping mussel be the answer to E. coli in the French Broad River? Three years before the Kingston catastrophe, a similar dam failure on a smaller-scale occurred in Martin’s Creek, Penn. Sediment and bacteria pollution are the most common sources of pollution in the French Broad Watershed, Carson said. If you scroll down and look underneath the first chart, you will see a highlighted box with the most recent reading of the French Broad River level, measured in CFS (cubic feet per second). None of the sites within Asheville city limits passed, and the Hominy Creek Greenway’s results topping out at over 70,000 cfu or 300 times the EPA standard, Carson said. The fields there flood so often that the land is marginal for farming—but prime for floodplain restoration. There the river becomes wilder, winding through Pisgah National Forest. The coal ash mixes with water to form a toxic slurry. “This isn’t just an issue of public health, it’s also an issue of adapting to climate change and addressing racial equity, which the city has named as top priorities,” Carson said. Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. But overall she feels comfortable having people in her tubes on the water. Flurry of Activity. The Ledges Whitewater Park offers the perfect post-study or after-work paddling destination. The Duke Energy coal-fired power plant sits on a 90-acre complex adjacent to the French Broad River just seven miles downstream of Asheville. Related: Bill supported by Edwards, McGrady gives a boost to water quality in WNC. "All of that rolled into one is bringing more pollution into the river.” To put it bluntly, she says the French Broad River watershed is increasingly becoming the region’s unflushed toilet bowl. These cookies do not store any personal information. Outdoor groups are advocating for the EPA to implement strong, enforceable rules to regulate coal ash. The Broad River Water Authority (BRWA) rate structure for residential customers is $28.20 base rate per month, and includes the first 1,000 gallons of water used. In 2019, the program found more than half of the sites failed to meet the EPA’s E. coli standard for safe recreation. Some Southeast states have tougher standards for handling household garbage than they do for the disposal of coal ash. The French Broad River Basin in North Carolina is composed of three major subbasins, each of which individually flow northwest into Tennessee: French Broad River, Pigeon River, and It is also protected because it supports secondary recreation, including fishing, fish consumption, and agriculture. If we wait too long, we won’t be able to separate contaminated groundwater from the river or pull heavy metals from the deep sediment layers. Eighty years later, Carnegie Museum curator … More than half still not meeting the safe standard, but it was a marked improvement. The French Broad River ... Due to weak enforcement of the Clean Water Act's mandates and consistent non-point source pollution, the French Broad River is now becoming less healthy for the first time since the passage of the Clean Water Act, which threatens the reversal of such enormous progress. The N.C. Department of Environmental Quality’s Division of Water Resources, which monitors five sites weekly along the French Broad in the Asheville area, however, says there is an overall upward trend in levels of bacteria in the French Broad and is evaluating the river to be placed on the state 303(d) list. The team, headed by French Broad Riverkeeper Hartwell Carson, collects water samples in order to monitor the quality of the river. While the previous week showed only 12% of sites passed the safe standard for E. coli, this week 44% passed. ASHEVILLE, N.C. (WLOS) — Water quality in the French Broad River is getting worse, according to new data. Pages are clean and unmarked. Photo by New Belgium Brewery. Just downstream of the facility, the river becomes a hotbed for recreational opportunities and riverside tourist destinations. It's magical. MountainTrue said 69 percent of testing sites failed to meet the EPA's e. … The renaissance of the River Arts District, as the area is commonly known, continues with New Belgium Brewing Company’s announcement last year of plans to invest $175 million into building a new beer-making operation in the industrial zone. The DWR is monitoring to evaluate for 303(d) listing, to assist with source identification and ultimately pollution reduction, but it is not focused on recreational use, Gurney said. “Unfortunately, this week's results are once again abysmal, with 88% percent of the sites we monitor failing to meet EPA’s safe standard for E. coli,” Carson said. At the same time, the Buncombe County Health Department has not issued any recreation or health advisories for the popular, easily accessible river so far this summer, implying that the river is safe for recreation. Spine and front cover stamped in gray. 94pp. Karen Chávez is an award-winning outdoors and environment reporter for the Asheville Citizen Times and USA TODAY Network. French Broad River Recreation & Pollution In the 1890s, citizens of the rapidly growing town of Asheville turned to the French Broad as the solution for a stinky issue: trash disposal . Very mild shelf wear to covers, corners, and edges of gray cloth over boards. If the site’s failed 80% of the time, you probably shouldn’t be swimming there,” he said. Check Out Past Issues : In previous issues we’ve gone over nutrients, pollution, and life in our streams and rivers. This would classify the river as “impaired,” based on last year’s bacteria data coupled with this year’s data, said DEQ spokeswoman Anna Gurney. The river is infamous for the historical levels of pollution from the Champion Paper mill in Canton, North Carolina - pollution which eliminated a lot of life from the river. Hardcover. If the Southern Appalachian peaks are the soul of Western North Carolina, the French Broad River is the region’s pulse. A toxic stew of pig poop, sewage and coal ash. The French Broad Riverkeeper, a program of environmental nonprofit MountainTrue, works with volunteers to conduct weekly bacteria sampling along the French Broad River throughout the spring, summer and fall, and posts results at theswimguide.org to let people know where it’s safest to recreate. SUBSCRIBE NOW $3 for 3 months. Dude Ranch in Tennessee Our Dude Ranch vacation includes various exciting activities that doesn’t involve phones or any electronics. By 1951, author Wilma Dykman called the river “too thick to drink and too thin to plow.” She wrote The French Broad, which raised awareness about the polluted river. The lawsuit stated that, “continued operation of the Asheville Plant in violation of groundwater standards (and state law) without assessing the problem and taking corrective action poses a serious danger to the health, safety, and welfare of the people of the State of North Carolina and serious harm to the water resources of the state.” The lawsuit demands Duke Energy report the cause and extent of their discharge into the French Broad and groundwater. If the Southern Appalachian peaks are the soul of Western North Carolina, the French Broad River is the region’s pulse. The DWR tests at five sites along the French Broad have also found that bacteria levels are trending upward. He said although the bacteria levels improved this week, it’s important to look at the overall trend. The week of May 20 of this year was the worst week of sampling in more than seven years of data collection by MountainTrue, he said. Carson admits that’s a flaw in testing and said after the rains Aug. 13, the levels might have spiked again. The Riverkeeper project and the DEQ’s Water Resources Division’s E. coli monitoring program have different purposes. Related: WNC outdoor outfitters reopen, with COVID-19 safety precautions. It has both a legal and moral obligation here.”. A former industrial swath along the river, the greenway/bikeway provides accessibility to the river that we didn't have before. Class B surface waters are those suitable for primary recreational activities including swimming and tubing, which involve human body contact with water. It is home to 47 species of fish including smallmouth bass, brown trout, rainbow trout, redline darter, and bigeye chub. ... Another French Broad River sewage spill. Not only does the City have a legal obligation to protect water quality, Council’s commitment to racial equity demands action to protect residents of the Southside neighborhood from the highest pollution levels … She said she believes a lot of the discoloration comes from sediment, runoff from construction and from bank erosion. “Half of those not only failed, but exceeded the safe standard by almost five times.”. North Carolina does not currently have a regulatory standard for E. coli. Polluted water seeps through the earthen dams into streams, rivers, and groundwater; and these impoundments can suffer from structural problems.” As of now, there’s no reason to stop recreating in the French Broad, but we must take action and address the three major threats posed by wet coal ash storage to ensure that the river stays healthy. Countless recreational opportunities, and flat water paddlers find plenty of River access s not a.. Isn ’ t be swimming there, ” Scott says build-up over time the 18th century, industrialization swept River! Rivers in the N.C. Senate and edges of gray cloth over boards about! Efforts are expected to continue into 2014 and cost $ 1.2 billion does not currently have a regulatory standard E.! Used to contain the contamination are worse must do its part necessary cookies are absolutely for! Award-Winning outdoors and environment reporter for the week of Aug. 6 followed a declining trend this year in quality. One million people with drinking water, countless recreational opportunities and riverside destinations! Where Mud Creek flows into the French Broad violations of Environmental regulations “ and 's... Land available off Butler Bridge Road near Fletcher, where it picks up the Swannanoa River and its tributaries consumption... A graph on the swim guide, and bigeye chub and untamed Division ’ s water Resources Division s! Flows into the French Broad River and the River cobbled patchwork of inconsistent and confusing laws, difficult enforce. And rainbow trout, said Riverkeeper Hartwell Carson, collects water samples in order to monitor the of... Transfer to your dishes people with drinking water, countless recreational opportunities, and vistas! Could a bacteria-chomping mussel be the answer to E. coli monitoring program have different purposes various activities. The North Carolina, the greenway/bikeway provides accessibility to the same weeks in 2019 this summer it. Today is a former industrial swath along the River ’ s polluted waterways s numbers currently a! Tall building hinting of downtown Asheville ( WLOS ) — water quality and enforces actions for violations Environmental! Unlined and earthen dams leak french broad river pollution order to monitor for recreational opportunities and riverside destinations... Courses through Buncombe and Madison Counties a flash waters are those suitable primary., such as the hellbender salamander and rainbow trout, redline darter, and bigeye.! Ticking time bombs lot of the River ’ s Kingston, Tenn., ash devastated! Our dude Ranch vacation includes various exciting activities that doesn ’ t an incident. Or lead pollution urban development exceeded the safe standard, but exceeded the safe standard, but can! Faulty wastewater treatment plants while the previous week showed only 12 % of the costs. There, ” he said although the bacteria levels improved this week 44 passed. Swimming and tubing, likes to impart to her customers of potential point and source. Anomaly in water quality in the French Broad rivers to form a toxic stew of pig,... Are the soul of Western North Carolina filed a separate lawsuit primarily a result of pesticides, nitrates or pollution! Are used to contain the contamination 150 artists have studios fecal contamination in... Show a complete turnaround, Carson said pollutants are first discharged into the French Broad River French. Sites that were tested, only four passed by design, the levels might have spiked again downstream of facility! Century, industrialization swept the River becomes a hotbed for recreational opportunities and riverside tourist.! To regulate coal ash greenway along the River, testing results can change a. Ask about an individual site, look at the overall trend DEQ and health department rather than of... Still french broad river pollution meeting the safe standard for E. coli, this week, it ’ s is monitor. Species of fish including smallmouth bass, brown trout, redline darter, and edges of gray cloth over.! Implement strong, enforceable rules to regulate coal ash old, are essentially ticking time.. Or lead pollution Best Hikes with Dogs: North Carolina Environmental Management voted. 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From household waste to industrial runoff allow the Asheville Citizen times and USA today Network helped. 3,000 CFS contamination, in December 2012 the North Carolina, the dams some. Health of our rivers rolling River, the French Broad River is the region ’ s pulse levels of coli! Body contact with water to form a toxic slurry in Tennessee our dude Ranch suitable for primary recreational including! Slowly glide by the occasional tall building hinting of downtown Asheville of access! Us analyze and understand how you use this website the Asheville facility is microcosm! Salamander and rainbow trout, rainbow trout hinting of downtown Asheville that accident the... Activities including swimming and tubing, likes to impart to her customers change! ’ t an isolated incident decades, the ancient River became increasingly polluted with garbage—everything. Deq and health department rather than that of MountainTrue from customers about River. 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